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The amount of flash is set by melt volume; its direction is set by geometry. The parting line, the step and the flash trap fix the appearance question on the drawing.
If the halves are misaligned the joint runs wide on one side and tight on the other. Locating features should touch before the weld faces, and should absorb assembly variation rather than locating, carrying load and fusing all at once.
A grade designation is only a name. Molecular weight, filler distribution, pigment, mould release and regrind can all move between batches, and ultrasonic welding is more sensitive to that than moulding is.
More interference is not better and less clearance is not better. What decides the value is whether the tool can hold it consistently and how the fixture supports the part.
Strength comes from the area that actually fuses, not from how long the joint looks. Corners, interrupted sections and fibre-occupied regions do not count, and getting it wrong throws off the power selection too.
Carbon fibre is harder than glass and rougher on the working face. The welding difficulty shares its cause with glass fibre, but horn life, conductivity and dust are specific to carbon.
Flame retardant takes no part in fusion and the loading is not small, so it amounts to a barrier layer at the interface. The ceiling is set by the material, so design to what the FR grade actually achieves.
PLA and similar compostable resins can be welded, but they are brittle, have a narrow melting range and vary between batches. The real trap is not welding but the fact that the part must still meet its degradation requirement afterwards.
PVC หลอมง่าย ปัญหาคือมันสลายตัวเมื่อร้อนเกินไป และผลิตภัณฑ์จากการสลายตัวจะกัดกร่อนฮอร์นและจิ๊ก การควบคุมพลังงาน การทำรอบให้สั้น และการทำความสะอาดตามกำหนด สำคัญกว่าการดันพารามิเตอร์ให้สูงขึ้นมาก
